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Sponsor: Göteborg University
Conditions: Appetite, Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions
Interventions: Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food, Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food, Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food, Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Countries: Sweden
The overall aim of this project is to study the effects of short-term high ultra-processed food intake, compared to nutrient- and energy density matched low ultra-processed food (UPF) intake, on energy intake and appetite. A total of 24 men and women who meet all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be invited to participate. A randomized 2\*2 factorial four-way crossover study will be conducted at the Department of Internal medicine and Clinical Nutrition at the University of Gothenburg, comparing a high-UPF meal to a low-UPF meal also with high and/or low energy density. A supervised breakfast meal will be served, and postprandial blood samples and appetite measures will be collected continuously up to 4 hours after the breakfast meal. Subsequently, an ad libitum lunch meal will be served, and energy intake will be recorded.
Sex: ALL
Age: 18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Inclusion Criteria: * Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30 kg/m2 * Fasting glucose \< 6.1 mmol/l * Hb \>110 g/L * Weight stability the last 3 months +/-5% Exclusion Criteria: * Food allergies, intolerances or preferences preventing consumption of any products included in the study. * Unable to sufficiently understand written and spoken Swedish or English to provide written consent and understand information and instructions from the study personal. * Pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy during the study period. * Blood donation or participation in a clinical study with blood sampling within 30 days prior to screening visit and throughout the study. * History of gastrointestinal conditions or major gastrointestinal surgery (Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, malabsorption, colostomy, bowel resection, gastric bypass surgery etc.). * Type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. * Thyroid disorder. * Current smoking, vaping. * Following any weight reduction program or having followed one during the last 6 months prior to screening. * Not habitually eating breakfast (\<5 times/week). * Restrained eating based on the three-factor eating questionnaire.
- Gothenburg, Sweden