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Sponsor: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Conditions: Covid-19; SARS-Cov2
Interventions: Blood sampling, Nasal Brushing
The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the relationship of myeloid cell subpopulations during infection by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2), the virus mediating Covid-19. Myeloid cells include neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells, each divided into subpopulations with different functions in immune defense and immune pathologies. The study is based on the following hypotheses: * Infection and the interferon response to infection may induce hyperactive or immunosuppressive differentiation of myeloid cells, that may be treated by specific inhibitors. * Some myeloid cell subpopulations currently identified in our laboratories might be markers for Covid-19 prognosis. * Alternative receptors may be present on myeloid cells, inducing the cytokine storm, a target for therapy. * The expression of Interferon (IFN) receptor and IFN responding genes on myeloid cells and on respiratory epithelial cells may correlate with prognosis and indicate potential treatment targets. * Interferon responses are known to be skewed during Covid-19, but some IFN subtype polymorphisms may correlate with prognosis and these subtypes migt be supplemented or inhibited for therapy.
Sex: ALL
Age: 18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 18 years * Sex : male or female * French Social Security insurance * Information and consent dated and signed \* * Group 1 : inclusion 2 to 12 months after hospitalization for Covid-19 pneumonia with mild severity (oxygen treatment ≤5L/mn); * Group 2 : 2 to 12 months after hospitalization for Covid-19 pneumonia with high severity (oxygen treatment \>5L/mn); * Group 3 : external visit at Cochin Hospital, age- and sex -matched with Groups 1, 2, 4. * Group 4 : inclusion during hospitalization for Covid-19, within the first month of symptoms. Exclusion Criteria: * Tuberculosis or other evolutive bacterial infection * Chronic evolutive viral Infections (Hepatitis B or C, HIV) * Ongoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy * Participation in another research protocol with current exclusion period at the time of pre-inclusion (possible inclusion in an observational study * Vulnerable person (pregnant, parturient woman, breastfeeding woman, person Under tutorship, person under arrest through judiciary or administrative decision )